Drug resistance is a generally unavoidable consequence of most cancers remedy that leads to remedy failure and illness relapse. Intrinsic (pre-existing) or acquired resistance mechanisms might be drug-specific or be relevant to a number of medication, leading to multidrug resistance. The presence of drug resistance is, nevertheless, tightly coupled to modifications in mobile homeostasis, which may result in resistance-coupled vulnerabilities. Unbiased gene perturbations by way of RNAi and CRISPR applied sciences are invaluable instruments to determine genotype-to-phenotype relationships on the genome scale. Furthermore, their software to most cancers cell traces can uncover new vulnerabilities which might be related to resistance mechanisms. Right here, we focus on focused and unbiased RNAi and CRISPR efforts within the discovery of drug resistance mechanisms by specializing in first-in-line chemotherapy and their enforced vulnerabilities, and we current a view ahead on which measures ought to be taken to speed up their medical translation.
With a lot genomics information being produced, it is likely to be sensible to pause and think about what goal this information can or ought to serve. Some enhance annotations, others predict molecular interactions, however few add on to current data. It is because sequence annotations don’t all the time implicate perform, and molecular interactions are sometimes irrelevant to a cell’s or organism’s survival or propagation. Merely correlative relationships present in massive information fail to supply solutions to the Why questions of human biology. As a substitute, these solutions are anticipated from strategies that causally hyperlink DNA modifications to downstream results with out being confounded by reverse causation.
These approaches require the managed measurement of the implications of DNA variants, for instance, both these launched in single cells utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 genome enhancing or which might be already current throughout the human inhabitants. Inferred causal relationships between genetic variation and mobile phenotypes or illness present promise to quickly develop and underpin our data base.
Molecular and Structural Characterizations of Lipases from Chlorella by Purposeful Genomics
Microalgae have been poorly investigated for new-lipolytic enzymes of biotechnological curiosity. In silico research combining evaluation of sequences homologies and bioinformatic instruments allowed the identification and preliminary characterization of 14 putative lipases expressed by Chlorella vulagaris. These proteins have totally different molecular weights, subcellular localizations, low instability index vary and not less than 40% of sequence id with different microalgal lipases.
Sequence comparability indicated that the catalytic triad corresponded to residues Ser, Asp and His, with the nucleophilic residue Ser positioned inside the consensus GXSXG pentapeptide. 3D fashions had been generated utilizing totally different approaches and templates and demonstrated that these putative enzymes share an identical core with widespread α/β hydrolases fold belonging to household three lipases and sophistication GX. Six lipases had been predicted to have a transmembrane area and a lysosomal acid lipase was recognized. The same mammalian enzyme performs an essential function in breaking down cholesteryl esters and triglycerides and its deficiency causes critical digestive issues in human. Extra structural perception would supply essential info on the enzyme traits.
The specificity between pathotypes of Pyricularia oryzae and genera of gramineous crops is ruled by gene-for-gene interactions. Right here, we present that avirulence genes concerned on this host specificity have undergone totally different modes of purposeful losses depending on, or affected by genomic compartments harboring them. The avirulence of an Eleusine pathotype on wheat is managed by 5 genes together with PWT3 which performed a key function within the evolution of the Triticum pathotype (the wheat blast fungus). We cloned one other gene utilizing an affiliation of its presence/absence with pathotypes, and designated it as PWT6. PWT6 was broadly distributed in a lineage composed of Eleusine/Eragrostis isolates, however fully absent in a lineage composed of Lolium/Triticum isolates.

Genomic and purposeful analyses of fungal and bacterial consortia that allow lignocellulose breakdown in goat intestine microbiomes
Internal Standard |
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5252-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 80.4 |
Internal Standard |
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8260-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 42.12 |
Internal Standard |
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CLPS-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 115.2 |
Internal Standard 2 |
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CLPV-I2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 43.2 |
Internal Standard 2mL |
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CLPS-I2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 2ML | EUR 115.2 |
Internal Standard Endosulfan-1 |
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548-IS | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 44.4 |
Internal Standard R46594 |
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50R-R46594 | Fitzgerald | 50 mg | EUR 289.2 |
Description: Internal standard 3-(2-[4-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-piperidinyl]ethyl)-2,4-[1h,3H]-quinazoline-dione (R46594) |
Alternate Internal Standard |
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8260A-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 50.4 |
Alternate Internal Standard |
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CLPS-I90 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 58.8 |
Itraconazole Internal Standard |
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50R-R51012 | Fitzgerald | 50 mg | EUR 289.2 |
Description: Itraconazole chemical reference substance |
Internal Standard Fluorobenzene |
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5242-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 45.6 |
Internal Standard-3 Components |
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5243-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 189.6 |
5 Element Oil Standard 1000 ug/g (1000 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams Base Oil 75 |
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AM-1000Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100G | EUR 289.2 |
5 Element Oil Standard 5000 ug/g (5000 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams Base Oil 75 |
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AM-5000Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100G | EUR 1165.2 |
5 Element Oil Standard 900 ug/g (900 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams Base Oil 75 |
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AM-900Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100G | EUR 219.6 |
12 Element Oil Standard 100 ug/g (100 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S12-100Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100G | EUR 369.6 |
12 Element Oil Standard 900 ug/g (900 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S12-900Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100G | EUR 924 |
21 Element Oil Standard 100 ug/g (100 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S21-100Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100G | EUR 199.2 |
21 Element Oil Standard 300 ug/g (300 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S21-300Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100G | EUR 288 |
21 Element Oil Standard 500 ug/g (500 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S21-500Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100G | EUR 454.8 |
21 Element Oil Standard 900 ug/g (900 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S21-900Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100G | EUR 621.6 |
23 Element Oil Standard 100 ug/g (100 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S23-100Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100G | EUR 270 |
23 Element Oil Standard 300 ug/g (300 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S23-300Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100G | EUR 339.6 |
23 Element Oil Standard 500 ug/g (500 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S23-500Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100G | EUR 556.8 |
23 Element Oil Standard 900 ug/g (900 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S23-900Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100G | EUR 1060.8 |
Internal/Surrogate Standard |
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601-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 82.8 |
Internal Standard for GC/FID |
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8015B-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 109.2 |
Internal Standard Bromofluorobenzene |
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5511-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 112.8 |
5 Element Oil Standard 1000 ug/g (1000 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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AM-1000Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 182.4 |
5 Element Oil Standard 5000 ug/g (5000 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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AM-5000Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 561.6 |
5 Element Oil Standard 900 ug/g (900 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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AM-900Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 128.4 |
12 Element Oil Standard 100 ug/g (100 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S12-100Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 237.6 |
12 Element Oil Standard 500 ug/g (500 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S12-500Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 422.4 |
12 Element Oil Standard 900 ug/g (900 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S12-900Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 688.8 |
21 Element Oil Standard 100 ug/g (100 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S21-100Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 112.8 |
21 Element Oil Standard 300 ug/g (300 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S21-300Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 181.2 |
21 Element Oil Standard 500 ug/g (500 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S21-500Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 261.6 |
21 Element Oil Standard 900 ug/g (900 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S21-900Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 403.2 |
23 Element Oil Standard 100 ug/g (100 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S23-100Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 174 |
23 Element Oil Standard 300 ug/g (300 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S23-300Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 217.2 |
23 Element Oil Standard 500 ug/g (500 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S23-500Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 361.2 |
23 Element Oil Standard 900 ug/g (900 PPM) for AA and ICP 50 grams Base Oil 75 |
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S23-900Z | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 50G | EUR 474 |
Internal Standard Acenapthene-d10 |
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5481-IS | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 141.6 |
Internal Standard Pentachloronitrobenzene |
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508-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 141.6 |
ASTM Method D6042 Internal Standard |
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ASTM-D6042-IS | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 388.8 |
Internal Standard 44-Difluorobiphenyl |
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550-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 55.2 |
5 Component BNA Internal Standard 5mL |
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CLPS-I5 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 5ML | EUR 446.4 |
Alternate Internal/Surrogate Standard |
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8082-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 116.4 |
5 Element Biodiesel Standard 10 ug/g (10 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams B100 Biofuel |
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BFM-10Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 214.8 |
5 Element Biodiesel Standard 5 ug/g (5 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams B100 Biofuel |
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BFM-20Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 214.8 |
5 Element Biodiesel Standard 20 ug/g (20 PPM) for AA and ICP 100 grams B100 Biofuel |
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BFM-5Y | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 214.8 |
Internal Standard 4-Bromo-35-dimethylphenyl-N-methylcarbamate |
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531-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 54.12 |
ICP Interference Check Standard 5 |
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INTER5-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 295.2 |
ICP Interference Check Standard 5 |
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INTER5-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 501.6 |
ICP Interference Check Standard 18 without Mercury |
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INTER18-100N | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 436.8 |
ICP Interference Check Standard 18 without Mercury |
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INTER18-500N | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 750 |
AAS Multi Element (13) Std at 10ug/mL |
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AAMIX13A | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 336 |
AAS Multi Element (13) Std at 100ug/mL |
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AAMIX13B | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 404.4 |
Flame Multi Element Linearity Std Low Conc |
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FPLE5 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 416.4 |
Aflatoxin MIX Standard |
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SD009 | Unibiotest | 0.5ug/mL | EUR 728.4 |
Flame Multi Element Linearity Std High Conc |
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FPHE5 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 423.01 |
Flame Multi Element Linearity Std Medium Conc |
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FPME5 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 423.01 |
Ebro EBI 20-TH1 Standard Temperature / Humidity Data Logger - with internal humidity sensor - Set and accessories |
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THE1074 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 289.84 |
ICP Standard Phosphorus H2O |
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PP2A7 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 220.8 |
ICP Standard Zinc 2pc HCl |
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PZN2A3 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 120.12 |
AAS Multi Element Std Cd Pb Ni at 1000ppm in 2% HNO3 |
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AA-BIB-3-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 188.01 |
AAS Multi Element Std Cd Pb Ni at 1000ppm in 2% HNO3 |
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AA-BIB-3-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 270.26 |
AAS Multi Element (16) Std at 1mg/L each in 5% HNO3 |
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AAS16-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 193.23 |
AAS Multi Element (16) Std at 1mg/L each in 5% HNO3 |
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AAS16-250 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 250ML | EUR 345.98 |
AAS Multi Element (16) Std at 1mg/L each in 5%HNO3 |
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AAS16-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 432.15 |
ICP-MS Instrument Check Standard 1 |
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CL-ICS-1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 410.4 |
Flame Multi Element Linearity Std Low Medium and High Con |
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FPHK3 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 882 |
ICP Standard Manganese 2-5pc |
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PMN2A2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 120 |
ICP Standard Strontium 2-5pc |
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PSR2A2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 221.95 |
ICP Standard Beryllium 2-5pc |
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PBE2A2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 211.2 |
ICP Standard Vanadium 2pc HNO3 |
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PV2A19 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 169.2 |
PIANO DHA Standard Mix 1 45 compounds |
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REPIANO1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 785.97 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 21 |
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QC-21 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 422.4 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 21 |
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QC-21-250 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 250ML | EUR 567.6 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 21 |
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QC-21-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 704.4 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 22 |
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QC-22 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 550.8 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 22 |
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QC-22-250 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 250ML | EUR 579.6 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 22 |
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QC-22-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 715.2 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 23 |
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QC-23 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 673.2 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 24 |
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QC-24 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 550.8 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 7 |
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QC-7 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 223.2 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 7 |
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QC-7-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 374.4 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 7A |
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QC-7A | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 219.6 |
ICP-MS Instrument Calibration Standard 1 |
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CL-CAL-1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 454.8 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 10 |
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CALMIX10-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 228 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 10 |
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CALMIX10-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 385.2 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 3 |
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CALMIX3-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 274.8 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 3 |
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CALMIX3-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 442.8 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 4 |
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CALMIX4-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 288 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 4 |
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CALMIX4-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 469.2 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 7 |
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CALMIX7-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 309.6 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 7 |
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CALMIX7-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 535.2 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 8 |
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CALMIX8-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 367.2 |
ICP-MS Calibration Standard 3 |
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CL-CAL-3 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 154.8 |
ICP Qualicty Control Standard 7A |
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QC-7A-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 363.6 |
ICP Standard Tin In 10pc HCl |
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PSN2A13 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 226.8 |
ICP Multi Elem (16) Interf Std Test 05.2 10ppm |
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REICPINTF16A | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 651.49 |
ICP Standard Sodium 2-5pc HNO3 |
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PNA2A2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 120 |
ICP Standard Lithium 2-5pc HCl |
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PLI2A3 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 120.12 |
ICP Standard Boron H2O 1000ug-ml |
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PB2A7 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 220.8 |
ICP Standard Cobalt 2-5pc HNO3 |
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PCO2A2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 120 |
ICP Standard Barium 2-5pc HNO3 |
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PBA2A2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 220.8 |
ICP Multi Elem (11) Interf Std in 2-5% HNO3 |
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REICPINTF11A | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 612.33 |
ICP Multi Elem (4) Interf Std in 2-5% HNO3 |
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REICPINTF4C | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 301.59 |
ICP Standard Lithium 2-5pc HNO3 |
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PLI2A2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 120 |
ICP Multi Elem (8) Interf Std Test 6010 5% HNO3 |
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REICPINTF8A | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 357.73 |
ICP Standard Molybdenum H2O 1000ug/ml |
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PMO2A7 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 132 |
ICP-MS Quality Control Standard 21 |
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CL-QC-21 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 483.6 |
ICP-MS Instrument Check Standard 3 |
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CL-ICS-3 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 225.6 |
ICP-MS Instrument Check Standard 4 |
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CL-ICS-4 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 150 |
ICP-MS Instrument Check Standard 5 |
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CL-ICS-5 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 166.8 |
ICP Multi Elem (4) Interf Std Test 6010 in 20% HCl |
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REICPINTF4A | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 301.59 |
ICP Standard Mercury 10% HNO3 1000µg/ml |
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PHG2A6 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 120 |
ICP Multi Elem (10) Interf Std Test 6020 in 2% HNO3 |
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REICPINTF10A | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 527.46 |