Drug resistance is a generally unavoidable consequence of most cancers remedy that leads to remedy failure and illness relapse. Intrinsic (pre-existing) or acquired resistance mechanisms might be drug-specific or be relevant to a number of medication, leading to multidrug resistance. The presence of drug resistance is, nevertheless, tightly coupled to modifications in mobile homeostasis, which may result in resistance-coupled vulnerabilities. Unbiased gene perturbations by way of RNAi and CRISPR applied sciences are invaluable instruments to determine genotype-to-phenotype relationships on the genome scale. Furthermore, their software to most cancers cell traces can uncover new vulnerabilities which might be related to resistance mechanisms. Right here, we focus on focused and unbiased RNAi and CRISPR efforts within the discovery of drug resistance mechanisms by specializing in first-in-line chemotherapy and their enforced vulnerabilities, and we current a view ahead on which measures ought to be taken to speed up their medical translation.
With a lot genomics information being produced, it is likely to be sensible to pause and think about what goal this information can or ought to serve. Some enhance annotations, others predict molecular interactions, however few add on to current data. It is because sequence annotations don’t all the time implicate perform, and molecular interactions are sometimes irrelevant to a cell’s or organism’s survival or propagation. Merely correlative relationships present in massive information fail to supply solutions to the Why questions of human biology. As a substitute, these solutions are anticipated from strategies that causally hyperlink DNA modifications to downstream results with out being confounded by reverse causation.
These approaches require the managed measurement of the implications of DNA variants, for instance, both these launched in single cells utilizing CRISPR/Cas9 genome enhancing or which might be already current throughout the human inhabitants. Inferred causal relationships between genetic variation and mobile phenotypes or illness present promise to quickly develop and underpin our data base.
Molecular and Structural Characterizations of Lipases from Chlorella by Purposeful Genomics
Microalgae have been poorly investigated for new-lipolytic enzymes of biotechnological curiosity. In silico research combining evaluation of sequences homologies and bioinformatic instruments allowed the identification and preliminary characterization of 14 putative lipases expressed by Chlorella vulagaris. These proteins have totally different molecular weights, subcellular localizations, low instability index vary and not less than 40% of sequence id with different microalgal lipases.
Sequence comparability indicated that the catalytic triad corresponded to residues Ser, Asp and His, with the nucleophilic residue Ser positioned inside the consensus GXSXG pentapeptide. 3D fashions had been generated utilizing totally different approaches and templates and demonstrated that these putative enzymes share an identical core with widespread α/β hydrolases fold belonging to household three lipases and sophistication GX. Six lipases had been predicted to have a transmembrane area and a lysosomal acid lipase was recognized. The same mammalian enzyme performs an essential function in breaking down cholesteryl esters and triglycerides and its deficiency causes critical digestive issues in human. Extra structural perception would supply essential info on the enzyme traits.
The specificity between pathotypes of Pyricularia oryzae and genera of gramineous crops is ruled by gene-for-gene interactions. Right here, we present that avirulence genes concerned on this host specificity have undergone totally different modes of purposeful losses depending on, or affected by genomic compartments harboring them. The avirulence of an Eleusine pathotype on wheat is managed by 5 genes together with PWT3 which performed a key function within the evolution of the Triticum pathotype (the wheat blast fungus). We cloned one other gene utilizing an affiliation of its presence/absence with pathotypes, and designated it as PWT6. PWT6 was broadly distributed in a lineage composed of Eleusine/Eragrostis isolates, however fully absent in a lineage composed of Lolium/Triticum isolates.

Genomic and purposeful analyses of fungal and bacterial consortia that allow lignocellulose breakdown in goat intestine microbiomes
ICP Multi Elem (8) Std in 2% HNO3 |
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ICP-MIX8 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 250ML | EUR 338.58 |
ICP-MS Multi-Element Solution 2 |
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CLMS-2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 399 |
ICP-MS Multi-Element Solution 3 |
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CLMS-3 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 524.4 |
ICP-MS Multi-Element Solution 4 |
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CLMS-4 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 221.16 |
ICP-MS Multi-Element Solution 5 |
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CLMS-5 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 156.18 |
ICP Multi Elem (18) Std 5% HNO3 |
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ICP18-MIX-2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1L | EUR 1687.2 |
ICP-MS Alternate Internal Standard 2 |
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CL-ISM2-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 345.42 |
ICP Multi Elem (6) Std in 2% HNO3 100ppm |
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ICP-MUL06 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 201.78 |
ICP Multi Elem (18) Std in 5% |
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ICP-JM-ME10A | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 498.18 |
5 Component Mix |
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AOAC-MIX-1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 117.42 |
ICP Multi Elem (11) Std in 2% HCl |
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ICP11-MIX-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 456 |
ICP Multi Elem (13) Std in 2% HNO3 |
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ICP13-MIX-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 485.64 |
ICP Multi Elem (5) Std 100mg/L in 2% HNO3 |
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ICP-MIX2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 190.38 |
ICP Multi Elem (12) Std in 5% HNO3 |
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ICP-CA-12C1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 381.9 |
ICP Multi Elem (18) Std in 5% HCl |
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ICP-JM-ME4A | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 588.24 |
ICP Multi Elem (16) Std in 5% HNO3 |
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ICP-LAN16-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 679.44 |
ICP Multi Elem (18) Std in 2% HNO3 |
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ICP-MIX1-CYM | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 297.54 |
ICP Multi Elem (8) Std in 2% HNO3 |
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ICP-MUL8-250ML | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 250ML | EUR 1144.56 |
ICP Multi Elem (9) Std in 1.2% HN03 |
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ICP-SL-SOLN1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 250ML | EUR 338.58 |
ICP Multi Elem (8) Std in 0.1% HNO3 |
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ICP-TG-85 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 283.86 |
ICP Multi Elem (5) Std in 2% HNO3 |
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ICP-VL-51 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 413.82 |
ICP Multi Elem (9) Std in 2% HNO3 |
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ICP-WY-95 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 444.6 |
ICP Multi Elem (8) Std 100 mg/L in 2% HNO3 |
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ICP-MUL8 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 289.56 |
ICP-MS Instrument Calibration Standard 1 |
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CL-CAL-1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 360.24 |
ICP-MS Instrument Check Standard 1 |
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CL-ICS-1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 315.78 |
ICP Multi Elem (8) Std in 2% HNO3 1000ppm |
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ICP-SC-851 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 613.32 |
ICP Multi Elem (4) Std in 2.5% of Glucose |
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ICP-SDHT-401 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 235.98 |
ICP Multi Elem (9) Std 10ppm in 1.2% HN03 |
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ICP-SL-SOLN2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 250ML | EUR 338.58 |
ICP-MS Set of 7 Multi-Element Solutions |
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CLMS-SET | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 1344.06 |
ICP Multi Elem (4) Std in 10% HNO3 |
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ICP-THE-4-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 254.22 |
Internal Standard |
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5022-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 27.36 |
Internal Standard |
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507-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 137.94 |
Internal Standard |
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5252-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 69.54 |
Internal Standard |
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624-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 28.5 |
Internal Standard |
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8260-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 37.62 |
Internal Standard |
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CLPS-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 98.04 |
ICP Multi Elem (19) Std 100ppm in 2-5% HNO3 |
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ICP-HR-195 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 793.44 |
ICP Multi Elem (2) Std Si S 100ppm in H2O |
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ICP-HR-25 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 158.46 |
ICP Multi Elem (4) Std in 5% HNO3 + 0.5% HF |
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ICP-MIX2-CYM | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 190.38 |
ICP Multi Elem (5) Std in 2% HNO3 1000ug/mL |
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ICP-MIX3-CYM | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 190.38 |
ICP Multi Elem (3) Std in 5% HNO3 + 0.5% HCl |
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ICP-PS-325M | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 250ML | EUR 360.24 |
ICP Multi Elem (2) Std 1000ppm Sn Ti in HCL |
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ICP-SC-25 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 224.58 |
ICP Multi Elem (10) Std in 10% HCl 10ug/mL |
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ICP-STD3-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 217.74 |
ICP-MS Initial Calibration Verification Standard 1 |
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CL-ICV-1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 371.64 |
ICP Multi Elem (10) Std in 2% HNO3 1000ppm |
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ICP-10-1000-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 392.16 |
Internal Standard Endosulfan-1 |
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548-IS | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 37.62 |
ICP Multi Elem (3) Std 100ppm in 2-5% HNO3 + HF |
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ICP-HR-35 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 213.18 |
ICP Multi Elem (3) Std P S Si 1000ppm in Water |
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ICP-SC-35 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 338.58 |
ICP Multi Elem (13) Std 1000ppm in 2-5% HNO3 + HF |
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ICP-STL-136 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 633.84 |
Qual Set ICP Multi-Element (7) 1ppm to 1000ppm |
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AQSICP001 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 1194.72 |
Qual Set ICP Multi-Element (19) 1ppm to 1000ppm |
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AQSICP002 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 2566.14 |
ICP Multi Elem (10) Std in 1% HCl |
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ICP10-STATION-1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 438.9 |
Aflatoxin MIX Standard |
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SD009 | Unibiotest | 0.5ug/mL | EUR 728.4 |
ICP Multi Elem (4) Std Ni Pb V Zn 1000ppm in HNO3 |
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ICP-SC-45 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 380.76 |
ICP Multi Elem (9) Std in 2% HNO3 100mg/L |
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ICP-MET-9-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 337.44 |
Internal Standard R46594 |
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50R-R46594 | Fitzgerald | 50 mg | EUR 289.2 |
Description: Internal standard 3-(2-[4-(4-chlorobenzyl)-1-piperidinyl]ethyl)-2,4-[1h,3H]-quinazoline-dione (R46594) |
Itraconazole Internal Standard |
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50R-R51012 | Fitzgerald | 50 mg | EUR 289.2 |
Description: Itraconazole chemical reference substance |
Internal Standard Pentachloronitrobenzene |
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508-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 128.82 |
Internal Standard Fluorobenzene |
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5242-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 39.9 |
Internal Standard Bromofluorobenzene |
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5511-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 102.6 |
Internal/Surrogate Standard |
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601-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 69.54 |
Alternate Internal Standard |
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8260A-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 42.18 |
Internal Standard 2mL |
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CLPS-I2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 2ML | EUR 102.6 |
Alternate Internal Standard |
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CLPS-I90 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 51.3 |
Internal Standard 2 |
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CLPV-I2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 36.48 |
Volatile Organics Mix |
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60-BIG-MIX | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 120.84 |
ICP Multi Elem (3) Std Ag Hg Tl 10 mg/L in 2% HNO3 |
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ICP-PC-35A | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 380.76 |
ICP Multi Elem (3) Std B P S 100mg/L in H2O |
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ICP-INT-3-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 265.62 |
Semi-volatile Organics Mix |
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76-BIG-MIX | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 150.48 |
ICP Standard Phosphorus H2O |
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PP2A7 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 177.84 |
ICP Multi Elem (4) Std in 7% HCl Sn Au Pd Rh 1ppm |
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ICP-LX-4-25 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 250ML | EUR 582.54 |
ICP Multi Elem (3) Std in 2% HCl Hg Ca Mg 100mg/L |
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ICP-MET-3-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 120.84 |
Internal Standard-3 Components |
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5243-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 172.14 |
Internal Standard Acenapthene-d10 |
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5481-IS | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 128.82 |
Internal Standard 44-Difluorobiphenyl |
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550-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 50.16 |
Alternate Internal/Surrogate Standard |
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8082-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 106.02 |
Assurance Grade Set of 38 Single-Element Standards 1000 ug/mL (1000 PPM) |
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ICP-KIT-1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 1914.06 |
Volatile Organics Mix (76 Components) |
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8260-BIG-MIX | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 296.4 |
PIANO DHA Standard Mix 1 45 compounds |
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REPIANO1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 630.42 |
Individual Reaction Mix 1 |
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G065-1 | ABM | 200 reactions | EUR 200.4 |
dNTP Mix (1 ml) |
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9002-1 | Biovision | each | EUR 183.6 |
ICP Interference Check Standard 5 |
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INTER5-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 228 |
ICP Interference Check Standard 5 |
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INTER5-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 388.74 |
ICP Standard Beryllium 2-5pc |
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PBE2A2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 132.24 |
ICP Standard Manganese 2-5pc |
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PMN2A2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 95.76 |
ICP Standard Strontium 2-5pc |
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PSR2A2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 177.84 |
ICP Standard Vanadium 2pc HNO3 |
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PV2A19 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 136.8 |
ICP Standard Zinc 2pc HCl |
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PZN2A3 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 95.76 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 21 |
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QC-21 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 337.44 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 21 |
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QC-21-250 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 250ML | EUR 454.86 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 21 |
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QC-21-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 549.48 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 22 |
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QC-22 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 473.1 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 22 |
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QC-22-250 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 250ML | EUR 514.14 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 22 |
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QC-22-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 615.6 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 23 |
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QC-23 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 527.82 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 24 |
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QC-24 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 473.1 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 7 |
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QC-7 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 176.7 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 7 |
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QC-7-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 290.7 |
ICP Quality Control Standard 7A |
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QC-7A | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 169.86 |
ICP Qualicty Control Standard 7A |
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QC-7A-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 281.58 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 10 |
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CALMIX10-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 175.56 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 10 |
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CALMIX10-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 297.54 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 3 |
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CALMIX3-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 210.9 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 3 |
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CALMIX3-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 343.14 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 4 |
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CALMIX4-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 223.44 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 4 |
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CALMIX4-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 363.66 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 7 |
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CALMIX7-100 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 264.48 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 7 |
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CALMIX7-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 461.7 |
ICP Instrument Check Standard 8 |
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CALMIX8-500 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 500ML | EUR 285 |
ICP-MS Calibration Standard 3 |
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CL-CAL-3 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 125ML | EUR 121.98 |
Internal Standard for GC/FID |
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8015B-I | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 83.22 |
ASTM Method D6042 Internal Standard |
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ASTM-D6042-IS | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 320.34 |
Organic Wine Standard 1 |
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WINE-1 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 141.36 |
Volatile Organics Mix (Low Level) |
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60-BIG-MIX-200 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 116.28 |
Volatile Organics Mix (High Level) |
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60-BIG-MIX-2000 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 165.3 |
ICP Multi Elem (10) Std in 1% HCl |
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ICP10-STATION-2 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 438.9 |
Multi-element stand with lab jack |
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HOM2548 | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | EACH | EUR 647.52 |
Aromatics Calibration Standard (18 Component Mix) |
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NJDEP-EPH-ARCS | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 1ML | EUR 91.2 |
IC Multi Elem (6) Anion Std in H2O |
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ICA6-MIX-THG | Scientific Laboratory Supplies | 100ML | EUR 269.04 |